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排序方式: 共有62条查询结果,搜索用时 822 毫秒
21.
Azeem Waqas Ashraf Muhammad Shahzad Sher Muhammad Imtiaz Muhammad Akhtar Mumtaz Rizwan Muhammad Shahid 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(31):24376-24386
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Relations between phosphate and arsenate are important but inconsistent to influence arsenic (As) phytotoxicity depending on many plant and soil... 相似文献
22.
Ahmad I Siddiqui H Akhtar MJ Khan MI Patil G Ashquin M Patel DK Arif JM 《Chemosphere》2011,83(4):455-460
In this in vitro study we investigated the toxic responses in hepatocytes treated with occupational dust to which workers are exposed in bone-based industrial units. The present study investigated the toxicity mechanism of bone-based occupational dust, from a particular industrial unit, on isolated rat hepatocytes. The hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusion method and cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion and MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay treated with occupational dust at 0.1-1.0 mgmL(-1), for 120 min. The cell viability decreased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. Dust induced significant membrane damage measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione (GSH) release in culture media for 30-, 60- and 120 min treatment duration. The toxicity was found to be correlated with the induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO). In addition, nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generation by occupational dusts were also found to be time- and concentration-dependent. Over all the present study provides initial evidences for the toxic potential of occupational dust generated in bone-based industries and, therefore, the dust exposure to workers in unorganized industrial units should be controlled. 相似文献
23.
Tanveer Ahmed Vincent A. Dutkiewicz Akhtar Shareef Gurdal Tuncel Semra Tuncel Liaquat Husain 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(40):6305-6311
Comparison of black carbon (BC) measurements obtained by two methods was performed for aerosols samples collected on Whatman 41 (W-41) filters, using an optical method (Magee Scientific Optical Transmissometer Model OT-21) and a thermal-optical method (Sunset Laboratory Thermal-optical analyzer). Samples were collected from four sites: Albany (a small urban site, NY), Antalya (coastal site, Turkey), Whiteface Mountain (remote site, NY) and Mayville (rural site, NY). At Albany, comparison between the two methods showed excellent agreement; a least-squares regression line yielded a slope of 1.02, and r2 = 0.88. Similar comparisons at Antalya (slope of 1.02, r2 = 0.5) and Whiteface Mountain (slope of 0.92 and r2 = 0.58) also gave very good relationship. At Mayville, the relationship between the two methods yielded somewhat lower regression: a slope of 0.75, and r2 = 0.44. The data from the four locations, when plotted together, yielded an excellent agreement: a slope of 0.91, and r2 of 0.84. Based on our measurements, it appears that optical measurement using the OT-21 can be successfully applied to determination of BC in W-41 filters. However, because of the variability in the chemical composition of BC aerosol at different locations, it is suggested that the calibration of OT-21 when using W-41 filters should be performed with a statistically significant numbers of samples for specific sites. 相似文献
24.
A.J. Khan Kamal Swami Tanveer Ahmed A. Bari Akhtar Shareef Liaquat Husain 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(38):5989-5995
An improved chemical oxidation pretreatment method has been developed for the determination of elemental carbon (EC) [also known as black carbon (BC) or soot] in lake sediments, using a thermal–optical transmittance (TOT) carbon analyzer. The method employs six steps: (1) removal of carbonates by treatment with HCl; (2) removal of silicates by treatment with HF + HCl; (3) removal of any remaining carbonates by treatment with HCl; (4) removal of humic acids by treatment with NaOH; and (5) oxidation of kerogens by K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4. A critical step of zinc chloride treatment was added; this apparently changes EC's morphology and enhances retention on quartz fiber filter, resulting in several-fold increased chemical yield. EC was determined using the TOT method with modified combustion timings. Carbon black (acetylene) and four NIST standard reference materials (SRMs) were used for quality control, and to assess the precision of the analysis. The EC recoveries from 18 carbon black samples varied from 90 to 111%, with a mean value of 99 ± 6%. The high EC recoveries confirmed the validity of the method. Char reference materials (i.e. chestnut wood and grass char) were used to determine potential contribution to EC in our measurements. The char references containing about 700 mg total organic carbon (OC) contributed ~1.5% EC. The measured EC values from four NIST standards were 17.0 ± 0.6, 24.2 ± 3.2, 5.6, and 1.9 ± 0.1 mg gdw?1 for SRM-1648, SRM-1649a, SRM-1941b and SRM-8704, respectively. These values in SRMs were in agreement (<±4%) with the previously reported values. The method was applied to determine the EC in sediment cores from an urban lake and a remote mountain lake in the Northeastern United States. The EC concentrations in two lakes mimic the model EC emissions from the industrial revolution in United States. 相似文献
25.
Nahid Akhtar Hidetoshi Inada Taisuke Kondo Ryo Funada 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(9):2970-2976
To assess the effects of tropospheric O3 on rice cultivated in Bangladesh, four Bangladeshi cultivars (BR11, BR14, BR28 and BR29) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were exposed daily to charcoal-filtered air or O3 at 60 and 100 nl l−1 (10:00-17:00) from 1 July to 28 November 2008. The whole-plant dry mass and grain yield per plant of the four cultivars were significantly reduced by the exposure to O3. The exposure to O3 significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate of the 12th and flag leaves of the four cultivars. The sensitivity to O3 of growth, yield and leaf gas exchange rates was not significantly different among the four cultivars. The present study suggests that the sensitivity to O3 of yield of the four Bangladeshi rice cultivars is greater than that of American rice cultivars and is similar to that of Japanese rice cultivars and that O3 may detrimentally affect rice production in Bangladesh. 相似文献
26.
M. Humayoun Akhtar 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):365-367
Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 41/5 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome 1993. 177 + xiii pages. $20.00 soft cover. ISBN # 92–5–103288–2 相似文献
27.
Akhtar Mohammad Nadeem Bani-Hani Khaldoon A. Akhtar J. N. Khan Rizwan Ahmad Nejem Jamal K. Zaidi Khansa 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(5):1663-1678
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The extraction of unsustainable natural resources like sand and topsoil for construction is disturbing ecological balance, affecting local... 相似文献
28.
Summary. Leaf disc choice and oviposition bioassays were used to examine the effects of larval experience with a Hoodia gordonii latex on subsequent behaviors. The latex deterred feeding and oviposition by “naïve” cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni, Noctuidae) larvae and moths with no previous exposure to the material. “Experienced” insects, reared on a diet with the H. gordonii latex (1000 ppm), exhibited lesser feeding deterrence relative to naïve insects. Experienced female moths actually preferred to lay eggs on treated rather than control leaves. There was no observed transfer of behavioral preferences from experienced parents to their offspring. Our results suggest that moths may be acquiring oviposition preferences from larval feeding experience as described by Hopkins’ host selection principal (HHSP) or through chemical legacy. 相似文献
29.
Mohammad Aslam Khan S. Akhtar Ali Shah 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2011,24(6):629-644
South Asia is one of the most densely populated regions of the world, where despite a slow growth, agriculture remains the
backbone of rural economy as it employs one half to over 90 percent of the labor force. Both extensive and intensive policy
measures for agriculture development to feed the massive population of the region have resulted in land degradation and desertification,
water scarcity, pollution from agrochemicals, and loss of agricultural biodiversity. The social and ethical aspects portray
even a grimmer picture of the region with growing poverty mainly, amongst small farmers, food scarcity, and overall poor quality
of life. This article reviews the historical perspective of agriculture development in the region and gives a panoramic view
of the policy initiatives and their environmental as well as social and ethical spin-offs. The aim is to explore the environmental
and ethical dimensions of the agricultural development in South Asia and recommend a holistic approach in formulating plans
and programs to combat environmental degradation, hunger, and poverty resulting from unsustainable agricultural practices. 相似文献
30.
Muhammad Furqan Akhtar Muhammad Ashraf Aqeel Javeed Aftab Ahmad Anjum Ali Sharif Mohammad Saleem Ghulam Mustafa Moneeb Ashraf Ammara Saleem Bushra Akhtar 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(3):179
Complex industrial discharges pose certain risks to the ecosystem. This study was aimed at identifying acute and sub-chronic toxicological effects of the textile industry wastewater. The textile wastewater was evaluated for the metals and organic pollutants by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and GC-MS respectively. In vitro genotoxicity and mutagenicity were assessed by Comet assay in peripheral lymphocytes isolated from Ovis aries and Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA-100 and 102 respectively. Physiological and behavioral changes along with systemic toxicity were determined in Rattus norvegicus albinus following acute and sub-chronic exposure. High amount of heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Hg, As, and Cd were detected in textile wastewater. Organic pollutants such as 25-deacetoxy cucurbitacin-b, E-14-Hexadecenal, 11-Tricosene, and phthalates were also found. In vitro genotoxicity assessment in lymphocytes showed statistically significant DNA damaging potential of textile wastewater. Textile wastewater also showed significantly higher (p? 0.05) mutagenic potential in Salmonella TA-100 and TA-102 strains than sodium azide and 2-amino anthracycline. Acute exposure of textile wastewater to Rattus norvegicus was associated with several physiological changes and behavioral symptoms. Sub-chronic exposure of textile wastewater in Rattus norvegicus instigated the degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells in renal tubules, hydropic degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, peri-bronchiolar infiltration and emphysema of the alveoli, and the degradation of myocardial cells. This study concludes that the textile wastewater may cause genotoxicity and mutagenicity, result in physiological and behavioral changes upon acute exposure, and inflict various pathological lesions upon sub-chronic exposure. 相似文献